The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot is a region along the west coast of India, covering about 160,000 sq km from the southern tip to Gujarat, and extending to parts of Sri Lanka. It is home to numerous endemic plant and animal species, including mammals such as the mountain shrew, slender loris, stripe-necked mongoose, Sri Lankan giant squirrel, Layard’s striped squirrel, dusky striped squirrel, and the Travancore flying squirrel.
All species, including these endemic mammals, are crucial to the functioning of ecosystems and the biosphere, as they contribute to the atmosphere, food resources, and water resources required for the sustenance and growth of various species, including human beings. However, the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot is facing threats due to deforestation, habitat loss, and poaching, leading to the endangerment of species such as the Asian elephant, Elephas Maximus.
To conserve the hotspot and its endangered species, it is essential to establish strict legal laws against deforestation and poaching, along with providing alternative living sources for human inhabitants in the area. Government initiatives, including awareness campaigns through media and technology, can play a significant role in educating people about the importance of environmental sustainability and the legal consequences of violating conservation laws. Various organizations are already working towards conservation efforts in the hotspot, but stronger and more effective measures are needed to protect the unique biodiversity and wildlife of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot.
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