Cyber Crime Cases, Money Laundering, Bank Fraud, Malicious Agents, Advance Fee Fraud, Stock Robot Manipulation, Digital Piracy

Fake Websites

Fake websites have become increasingly pervasive it hurts people's trust and makes us doubt with each other. Also, the design and appearance of these websites makes it difficult for users to manually identify them as fake. In addition, it needs problem-specific knowledge. However, we can learn and developed to detect them by utilizing richer sets of fraud cues in combination with problem-specific knowledge.

Money Laundering

Money laundering means the legalizing proceeds of money from criminal acts and integrated these dirty money into the legal economy for the perpetrators can openly use it. 

Why? I think if you want to spend your money legally and publicly, you still need to guise it as if it is legal and clean. That's the basic rule of a medium of exchange, commonly acceptance and trust.

Money laundering involves moving the funds, disguising them, and making them available to the criminal again.

Bank Fraud

As the term "Bank" fraud, it is a criminal offense to defraud a financial institution by knowingly executing a scheme.

Advance Fee Fraud

Frauds are generally intentional misrepresentation, typically financial, and often carried out by white-collar.

Nigeria scam is a scam established by international scammers under the name of Nigeria. Because of Nigeria’s abundant oil and mineral resources, Nigeria’s economy has been relatively prosperous among African countries. Due to its corrupt bureaucracy and civil wars around its nearby countries, rich people want to secure and transfer their assets through a third party to a safe place. However, this is becoming a way for fraudsters to deceive all over the world and expanding quickly through the Internet.

Malicious Agents

A malicious agent is a computer program that operates as a potential intruder to attack a system, a network, or even remotely controlled such as a spying agent transmits sensitive information from the organization to a specific agent. 

Stock Robot Manipulation

Link a robotic computer program to a stock exchange to manipulate a stock-trading by performing real buying and selling orders where stocks were bought at low prices and sold at high prices. 

Digital Piracy

Digital piracy often refers to illegally duplicate digital assets such as software, digital documents, digital audio, and videos without permission. Moreover, the Internet facilitates digital piracy because the network allows crime to take place detached from the owner. 

So, I think if we want to secure our copyright, we can try to shrink the benefits of copy it. Never try to induce anyone or give anyone a strong motive. 

Reference

Garvin, M., III, W., & Williams, A. (2020, January 27). 2020 Intellectual Property Primer: Cases to Watch this Year. Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=2c7b42fb-aa04-4556-978c-110cd6bc4f7c

Gottschalk, P. (2010).  Policing Cyber Crime. Bookboon.

Intellectual Property Alert: 2020 Intellectual Property Primer: Cases to Watch this Year. (n.d.). Retrieved January 05, 2021, from https://www.vorys.com/publications-2481.html

Cyber Crime Defined, Click Frauds, Financial Computer Crime, and White-Collar Computer Crime

Cybercrime and computer crime are both related to Internet crime. The initial role of these technologies was to improve the efficiency and effectiveness by using them correctly. However, its side effects are computer crimes. It often means any violations of criminal law for piracy, data stealing, investigation, or any other crimes. And the economic damages will be also huge since we are more and more dependent on computers and the internet, to supply products and services. The Internet is a double-edged sword that provides many opportunities for goods and also for crimes. It has become a global issue and requires full cooperation at the international level.

Click Frauds

Click fraud is often designed to achieve some click targets fraudulently by programming or by hand and losing the original purposes of clicks. For instance, When you click on an ad displayed on a website, the advertiser typically pays a fee for each click. So, they are supposed to meet the advertisers' purpose, to direct potential buyers to their products.

Financial Computer Crime

Financial crime generally means crimes against property that are unlawful. Financial crimes are mostly profit-driven, involve frauds, and are labeled economic crimes sometimes. For instance, check frauds, credit card frauds, mortgage frauds, medical fraud, and insurance frauds are big issues these days. The victim range is from individuals to institutions, corporations, or even governments.

White-Collar Computer Crime

The theory of profit-driven crime for white-collar crime suggests that financial crimes are opportunity-driven. Basically, I agree with it. Because if every financial crime is profit-driven, it will become jobs for everyone, just like we do for livings.

White-collar crime can be defined in terms of the offense, the offender, or both, which means the people who are seen as white-collar, the things are considered as white-collar computer crimes or both. 

If defined in terms of both perspectives, it against a property for a personal or organizational benefit, plus highly educated and socially connected individuals, typically the persons of respectability who commit crime in the course of their occupation. From the victim's perspective, hacking was the most commonly reported computer crime incident. 

Reference

Gottschalk, P. (2010).  Policing Cyber Crime. Bookboon.

What is intellectual property? Why Is It A Valuable Asset for The Owner? How Are Intellectual Property Rights Acknowledged and Protected?

What is intellectual property? 

Intellectual property is a broad term that covers intangible assets and legally protected. It is summarized as all rights from the field of intellectual activities, an intangible property created by human wisdom, mainly involving copyright, patent, trademark, and other fields. Works of art in the form of music and literature, as well as discoveries, inventions, symbols, and designs, can be protected as intellectual property. 

Intellectual property rights can be divided into industrial property rights and copyrights. Industrial property rights include patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications. Copyright, on the other hand, includes literary and artistic works.

Why Is It A Valuable Asset for The Owner? 

For business owners, businesses measure value in different ways such as client retention, return on investment, sales, revenues. Intellectual property consists of many different types of valuable assets owned by a company, For instance, trademarks, patents, and copyrights.

Although it’s an intangible asset, intellectual property can be far more valuable than a physical asset and provides a competitive advantage over competitors. Also, an organization with intellectual property assets can utilize it internally or by sharing it externally through royalty rights. In addition, intellectual property is an asset that can be licensed, sold, or assigned regardless of whether a company has a physical location. For instance, amid COVID-19, many physical storefronts struggle to keep their doors open. Without intellectual property protection, researchers and businesses would not get proper compensation for their creations. 

How Are Intellectual Property Rights Acknowledged and Protected?

It may sound very difficult or time-consuming, but it is worth to protect it. For copyright, there is no additional registration procedure to follow. The protection is free and automatic. 

However, copyright does not actually protect an idea itself. It is protected the way the idea has been represented such as brochures, presentations, or websites.

If you want to apply for a patent, registered design, or a trademark this can be done through intellectual property offices such as the UK intellectual property office, depends on where you want to do your business. Also, you can do it either on your own or find a patent solicitor. In addition, online resources like the Business & IP Centre has a number of business events and services that can help. 

Conclusion

A good thing is developed, usually because it targets to solve a problem and the solutions may indeed be very similar or even identical. This is the parallel creation or design. Because, in the same field, the problems are very similar and the principles of the application of technical methods are also the same. Therefore, we must confirm the plagiarism can really exist because of special correspondence and excluding the possibility of parallel creation. In any case, if plagiarism occurs, it is necessary to carefully examine it is protected by law or not.

The Madrid Agreement

The Madrid Agreement was concluded in 1891. By 2012, it had 56 members. The main purpose of this agreement is to simplify the trademark registration application procedures. For instance, after registered in a member country, it can apply for an international trademark registration based on the registered trademark. An application for international registration must designate one or more Contracting Parties in which protection is sought. 

Reference

Gottschalk, P. (2010).  Policing Cyber Crime. Bookboon.

Why Intellectual Property Is So Valuable To Businesses. (2020, June 17). Retrieved January 04, 2021, from https://feldman.law/news/why-intellectual-property-is-so-valuable-to-businesses/

Why you need to protect your Intellectual Property. (2015, July 21). Retrieved January 04, 2021, from https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/articles/why-you-need-to-protect-your-intellectual-property